EM BUSCA DE UM MODELO EFICAZ PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE TRADUTORES E INTÉRPRETES EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Palavras-chave:
Desenho curricular, modelo integrado de desenvolvimento da competência tradutória e interpretativa, estudos de tradução e interpretação, formação de tradutores e intérpretes
Resumo
A Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) é a única instituição do ensino superior que forma licenciados em tradução e interpretação em Moçambique. Contudo, carece de um modelo eficaz para o desenvolvimento da competência tradutória e interpretativa. Portanto, este estudo investiga um modelo prático para o desenho de um currículo de licenciatura, conducente a uma formação eficaz de tradutores e intérpretes moçambicanos. O estudo seguiu a metodologia de pesquisa-acção visto permitir uma melhor compreensão e melhoria dos processos de formação (CRAVO e NEVES, 2007). Foram usadas três ferramentas de recolha de dados para gerar dados qualitativos e quantitativos de 123 participantes, nomeadamente: (i) um inquérito, (ii) um teste de tradução para o inglês e (iii) uma amostra de 18 traduções arquivadas de antigos estudantes produzidas em português. Os resultados do inquérito sugerem que é preciso reformar o currículo actual para torná-lo mais conducente ao desenvolvimento da competência tradutória e interpretativa. Outrossim, os resultados da análise macrotextual e microtextual mostram que, embora os estudantes da UEM produzam traduções aceitáveis do inglês para o português, a qualidade da sua tradução inversa, em geral, é fraca. A solução que se propõe seria um novo modelo integrado de desenvolvimento da competência tradutória e interpretativa assente em quatro pilares, nomeadamente: competência comunicativa, cultura geral, competência estratégica e prestação de serviços. Este modelo orientaria o desenho de um currículo que permita que os estudantes sejam formados como tradutores e intérpretes num único programa, onde a prática de tradução do inglês para o português e vice-versa é obrigatória.
Referências
ALBIR, A. H. Competence-based Curriculum Design for Training Translators. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer. v. 1, n.2, p. 163-195, 2007. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1750399X.2007. Accessed on 29 February 2016.
AL-SALMAN, S. and AL-KHANJI, R. The Native Language Factor in Simultaneous Interpretation in an Arabic/English Context. Meta: Translators' Journal. v. 47, n.4, p. 607-626, 2002. Available at:. Accessed on 28 December 2016.
ALTA LANGUAGE SERVICES. Study of California’s Court Interpreter Certification and Registration Testing. San Francisco: ALTA Language Services, 2007.
ASENSIO, R. M. For a New Approach to Translator Training. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer. v. 1, n.1, p. 79-95, 2007. Available at:. Accessed on 29 February 2016.
CAMPBELL, S. Translation into the Second Language. Essex: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd., 1998.
CHODKIEWICZ, M. The EMT Framework of Reference for Competences Applied to Translation: Perceptions by Professional and Student Translators. JoSTrans The Journal of Specialized Translation. v. 1, n.17: p. 37-54, 2012. Available at: http://www.jostrans.org/issue17/art_chodkiewicz.pdf. Accessed 31 March 2013,
COHEN, L.; MANION, L. and MORRISON, K. Research Methods in Education, 5th ed. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2000.
CRAVO, A. and NEVES, J. Action Research in Translation Studies. The Journal of Specialised Translation. v. 7, p. 92-107, 2007. Available at: http://www.jostrans.org/issue07/art_cravo.php. Accessed on 1 May 2013.
DANKS, J. H. and GRIFFIN, J. Reading and Translation: A Psycholinguistic Perspective. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 120-136.
DE GROOT, A. M. B. The Cognitive Study of Translation and Interpretation: Three Approaches. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 25-56.
FRAIHAT, O. A. and MAHADI, T. S. B. T. Professional Consecutive vs. Simultaneous Interpreters’ Required Competence Catalogue. Arab World English Journal. v. 4, n.1, p. 175-188, 2013. Available at: www.awej.org. Accessed on 10 April 2016.
GILE, D. Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995.
GILE, D. Conference Interpreting as a Cognitive Management Problem. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 196-214.
GILE, D. Conference and simultaneous interpreting. In: BAKER. M. (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London: Routledge, 1998. p. 40-46.
GÖPFERICH, S. Towards a Model of Translation Competence and Its Acquisition: the Longitudinal Study TransComp. In: GÖPFERICH, S.; JAKOBSEN, A. L. and MEES, I. M. (ed.). Behind the Mind: Methods, Models and Results in Translation Process Research. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur, 2009. p. 11-37.
HANSEN, G. Retrospection methods in translator training and translation research. Journal of Specialised Translation. v. 5, p. 2-41, 2006. Available at: http://www.jostrans.org/issue05/art_hansen.pdf. Accessed on 5 May 2014,
HATIM, B. and MASON, I. The Translator as Communicator. Oxon: Routledge, 1997.
HENSON, K. T. Curriculum Development for Education Reform. New York: Longman, 1995.
HOPKINS, D. A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research, 3rd ed. Berkshire: Open University Press, 2002.
KELLY, D. 2005. A Handbook for Translator Trainers. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
KIRALY, D. Beyond the Static Competence Impasse in Translator Education. In: THELEN, M.; EGDOM, G. V.; VERBEECK, D; BOGUCKI, L. and LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZYK, B. (ed.). Translation and Meaning. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, 2016. p. 129-142.
MAGAIA, A. A. Assessing Translation Competence at Eduardo Mondlane University. In: THELEN, M.; EGDOM, G. V.; VERBEECK, D; BOGUCKI, L. and LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZYK, B. (ed.). Translation and Meaning. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, 2016. p. 55-68.
MAGAIA, A. A. Investigating Translation Competence: A Case Study of Undergraduates at Eduardo Mondlane University. 2014. 167 p. Dissertation (Master of Arts in Linguistics), University of South Africa.
MASON, I. Communicative/functional approaches. In: BAKER, M. (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London: Routledge, 1998. p. 29-33.
MCKERNAN, J. Curriculum Action Research: A Handbook of Methods and Resources for the Reflective Practitioner. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 1996.
MILLS, G. E. Action Research: A guide for the Teacher Researcher, 2nd ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc, 2003.
NEUBERT, A. Postulates for a Theory of Translatio. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 1-24.
NEUBERT, A. Competence in Language, in Languages and in Translation. In: SCHÄFFNER, C. and ADAB, B. (ed.). Developing Translation Competence. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. p. 1-18.
ODACIOĞLU, M. C. and KÖKTÜRK, Ş. From Interdisciplinarity to Transdisciplinarity in Translation Studies in the Context of Technological Tools & Localization Industry. International Journal of Comparative Literature & Translation Studies. v. 3, n3, p. 14-19, 2015. Available at:. Accessed 5 February 2017.
OLIVA, P. F. Developing the Curriculum, 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2001.
PACTE GROUP. Investigating Translation Competence: Conceptual and Methodological Issues. Meta: Translators’ Journal. v. 50, n.2, p. 609-619, 2005. Available at: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/011004ar. Accessed on: 5 April 2013.
PRESAS, M. Bilingual Competence and Translation Competence. In: SCHÄFFNER, C. and ADAB, B. (ed.). Developing Translation Competence. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. p. 19-31.
PYM, A. Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age. In Defence of a Minimalist Approach. Meta: Translators' Journal. v. 48, n.4, p. 481-497, 2003. Available at: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/008533ar. Accessed on: 31 March 2013.
PYM, A. Translation Skill-Sets in a Machine-Translation Age. Meta. v. 58, n.3, p. 486-503, 2013. Available at: https://www.researchgate. Accessed on 29 February 2016.
ROWLEY, J. Using Case Studies in Research. Management Research News, v. 25, n.1, p. 16–27, 2002. Available at: https://www.arf-asia.org/resources/using_case_study_in_research.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2013.
SALDANHA, G. and O’BRIEN, S. Research Methodologies in Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2013.
SCHÄFFNER, C. Running before Walking? Designing a Translation Programme at Undergraduate Level. In: SCHÄFFNER, C. and ADAB, B. (ed.). Developing Translation Competence. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. p. 143-156.
SHREVE, G. M. Cognition and the Evolution of Translation Competence. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997, p. 120-136.
SNELL-HORNBY, M., PÖCHHACKER, F. and KAINDL, K. (ed.). Translation Studies: An interdiscipline. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994.
SUN, S. Rethinking translation studies. Translation Spaces. v. 3, p. 167–191, 2014. Available at:. Accessed on 9 June 2017.
YAN, J. X., PAN, J. and WANG, H. Studies on Translator and Interpreter Training: a Data-driven Review of Journal Articles 2000–12. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer. v. 9, n.3, p. 263-286, 2015. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1750399X.2015.1100397. Accessed on 29 February 2016.
AL-SALMAN, S. and AL-KHANJI, R. The Native Language Factor in Simultaneous Interpretation in an Arabic/English Context. Meta: Translators' Journal. v. 47, n.4, p. 607-626, 2002. Available at:
ALTA LANGUAGE SERVICES. Study of California’s Court Interpreter Certification and Registration Testing. San Francisco: ALTA Language Services, 2007.
ASENSIO, R. M. For a New Approach to Translator Training. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer. v. 1, n.1, p. 79-95, 2007. Available at:
CAMPBELL, S. Translation into the Second Language. Essex: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd., 1998.
CHODKIEWICZ, M. The EMT Framework of Reference for Competences Applied to Translation: Perceptions by Professional and Student Translators. JoSTrans The Journal of Specialized Translation. v. 1, n.17: p. 37-54, 2012. Available at: http://www.jostrans.org/issue17/art_chodkiewicz.pdf. Accessed 31 March 2013,
COHEN, L.; MANION, L. and MORRISON, K. Research Methods in Education, 5th ed. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2000.
CRAVO, A. and NEVES, J. Action Research in Translation Studies. The Journal of Specialised Translation. v. 7, p. 92-107, 2007. Available at: http://www.jostrans.org/issue07/art_cravo.php. Accessed on 1 May 2013.
DANKS, J. H. and GRIFFIN, J. Reading and Translation: A Psycholinguistic Perspective. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 120-136.
DE GROOT, A. M. B. The Cognitive Study of Translation and Interpretation: Three Approaches. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 25-56.
FRAIHAT, O. A. and MAHADI, T. S. B. T. Professional Consecutive vs. Simultaneous Interpreters’ Required Competence Catalogue. Arab World English Journal. v. 4, n.1, p. 175-188, 2013. Available at: www.awej.org. Accessed on 10 April 2016.
GILE, D. Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995.
GILE, D. Conference Interpreting as a Cognitive Management Problem. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 196-214.
GILE, D. Conference and simultaneous interpreting. In: BAKER. M. (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London: Routledge, 1998. p. 40-46.
GÖPFERICH, S. Towards a Model of Translation Competence and Its Acquisition: the Longitudinal Study TransComp. In: GÖPFERICH, S.; JAKOBSEN, A. L. and MEES, I. M. (ed.). Behind the Mind: Methods, Models and Results in Translation Process Research. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur, 2009. p. 11-37.
HANSEN, G. Retrospection methods in translator training and translation research. Journal of Specialised Translation. v. 5, p. 2-41, 2006. Available at: http://www.jostrans.org/issue05/art_hansen.pdf. Accessed on 5 May 2014,
HATIM, B. and MASON, I. The Translator as Communicator. Oxon: Routledge, 1997.
HENSON, K. T. Curriculum Development for Education Reform. New York: Longman, 1995.
HOPKINS, D. A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research, 3rd ed. Berkshire: Open University Press, 2002.
KELLY, D. 2005. A Handbook for Translator Trainers. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
KIRALY, D. Beyond the Static Competence Impasse in Translator Education. In: THELEN, M.; EGDOM, G. V.; VERBEECK, D; BOGUCKI, L. and LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZYK, B. (ed.). Translation and Meaning. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, 2016. p. 129-142.
MAGAIA, A. A. Assessing Translation Competence at Eduardo Mondlane University. In: THELEN, M.; EGDOM, G. V.; VERBEECK, D; BOGUCKI, L. and LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZYK, B. (ed.). Translation and Meaning. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, 2016. p. 55-68.
MAGAIA, A. A. Investigating Translation Competence: A Case Study of Undergraduates at Eduardo Mondlane University. 2014. 167 p. Dissertation (Master of Arts in Linguistics), University of South Africa.
MASON, I. Communicative/functional approaches. In: BAKER, M. (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London: Routledge, 1998. p. 29-33.
MCKERNAN, J. Curriculum Action Research: A Handbook of Methods and Resources for the Reflective Practitioner. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 1996.
MILLS, G. E. Action Research: A guide for the Teacher Researcher, 2nd ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc, 2003.
NEUBERT, A. Postulates for a Theory of Translatio. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997. p. 1-24.
NEUBERT, A. Competence in Language, in Languages and in Translation. In: SCHÄFFNER, C. and ADAB, B. (ed.). Developing Translation Competence. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. p. 1-18.
ODACIOĞLU, M. C. and KÖKTÜRK, Ş. From Interdisciplinarity to Transdisciplinarity in Translation Studies in the Context of Technological Tools & Localization Industry. International Journal of Comparative Literature & Translation Studies. v. 3, n3, p. 14-19, 2015. Available at:
OLIVA, P. F. Developing the Curriculum, 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2001.
PACTE GROUP. Investigating Translation Competence: Conceptual and Methodological Issues. Meta: Translators’ Journal. v. 50, n.2, p. 609-619, 2005. Available at: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/011004ar. Accessed on: 5 April 2013.
PRESAS, M. Bilingual Competence and Translation Competence. In: SCHÄFFNER, C. and ADAB, B. (ed.). Developing Translation Competence. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. p. 19-31.
PYM, A. Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age. In Defence of a Minimalist Approach. Meta: Translators' Journal. v. 48, n.4, p. 481-497, 2003. Available at: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/008533ar. Accessed on: 31 March 2013.
PYM, A. Translation Skill-Sets in a Machine-Translation Age. Meta. v. 58, n.3, p. 486-503, 2013. Available at: https://www.researchgate. Accessed on 29 February 2016.
ROWLEY, J. Using Case Studies in Research. Management Research News, v. 25, n.1, p. 16–27, 2002. Available at: https://www.arf-asia.org/resources/using_case_study_in_research.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2013.
SALDANHA, G. and O’BRIEN, S. Research Methodologies in Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2013.
SCHÄFFNER, C. Running before Walking? Designing a Translation Programme at Undergraduate Level. In: SCHÄFFNER, C. and ADAB, B. (ed.). Developing Translation Competence. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. p. 143-156.
SHREVE, G. M. Cognition and the Evolution of Translation Competence. In: DANKS, J. H.; SHREVE, G. M.; FOUNTAIN, S. B. and MCBEATH, M. K. (ed.). Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting. London: Sage Publications, 1997, p. 120-136.
SNELL-HORNBY, M., PÖCHHACKER, F. and KAINDL, K. (ed.). Translation Studies: An interdiscipline. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994.
SUN, S. Rethinking translation studies. Translation Spaces. v. 3, p. 167–191, 2014. Available at:
YAN, J. X., PAN, J. and WANG, H. Studies on Translator and Interpreter Training: a Data-driven Review of Journal Articles 2000–12. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer. v. 9, n.3, p. 263-286, 2015. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1750399X.2015.1100397. Accessed on 29 February 2016.
Publicado
2025-04-18
Secção
Artigos
